ECONOMICS

Detailed explanation-1: -Variable costs are any expenses that change based on how much a company produces and sells. This means that variable costs increase as production rises and decrease as production falls. Some of the most common types of variable costs include labor, utility expenses, commissions, and raw materials.

Detailed explanation-2: -Total cost – The sum of fixed cost and variable cost. Marginal costs – The extra (additional) cost of producing one more unit of output; equal to the change in total cost divided by the change in output (and, in the short run, to the change in total variable cost divided by the change in output).

Detailed explanation-3: -Fixed costs are costs that do not change when sales or production volumes increase or decrease. This is because they are not directly associated with manufacturing a product or delivering a service. As a result, fixed costs are considered to be indirect costs.