ECONOMICS

Detailed explanation-1: -Programmed decisions involve situations that have occurred often enough to enable decision rules to be developed and applied in the future.

Detailed explanation-2: -Programmed decisions are made in response to recurring organizational problems. The decision to reorder paper and other office supplies when inventories drop to a certain level is a programmed decision.

Detailed explanation-3: -Certainty is a situation in which a manager can make accurate decisions because all outcomes are known.

Detailed explanation-4: -Decisions are made under the condition of certainty when the manager has perfect knowledge of all the information needed to make a decision. This condition is ideal for problem solving. The challenge is simply to study the alternatives and choose the best solution.