ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -There are two major stimuli for ADH release: elevated plasma osmolality and decreased effective circulating volume. Increased plasma osmolality causes shrinkage of a specialized group of cells in the hypothalamus called osmoreceptors.

Detailed explanation-2: -The greatest risk factor is age older than 65 years. In addition, mental or physical disability may result in impaired thirst sensation, an impaired ability to express thirst, and/or decreased access to water. Hypernatremia often is the result of several concurrent factors. The most prominent is poor fluid intake.

Detailed explanation-3: -What effect does an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the volume of extracellular fluid (ECF)? ECF decreases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present.

Detailed explanation-4: -The true statement about the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in regulating kidney function is C. ADH promotes the insertion of water channels into the collecting duct. The action of ADH is dependent on reabsorption of water into the system so that balance of water can be maintained.