ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cardiac oxygen demand is determined by workload, which is determined by cardiac output, which is determined by the heart rate and stroke volume (CO = HR x SV) and by the back pressure against the aortic valve (diastolic blood pressure)-which the heart must push against to open the valve and deliver the blood.

Detailed explanation-3: -The left ventricle pumps blood at higher pressures compared to the rest of the other heart chambers, as it faces a much higher workload and mechanical afterload.

Detailed explanation-4: -Oxygen-rich blood flows from the lungs back into the left atrium (LA), or the left upper chamber of the heart, through four pulmonary veins. Oxygen-rich blood then flows through the mitral valve (MV) into the left ventricle (LV), or the left lower chamber.