ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The kidneys and liver produce erythropoietin when oxygen levels in the cells are low. The hormone then stimulates the bone marrow, which, in turn, makes more red blood cells. It is normal for a small amount of erythropoietin to circulate in the blood, as this helps replenish the body’s natural blood stores.

Detailed explanation-2: -Normally, when specialized cells in your kidneys detect low blood oxygen levels, they increase the production of EPO. EPO then tells the spongy tissue inside your bones (bone marrow) to make more red blood cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -Lack of O2 (hypoxia) is a stimulus for the synthesis of erythropoietin (Epo), primarily in the kidneys.

Detailed explanation-4: -The erythropoietin test measures the amount of a hormone called erythropoietin (EPO) in blood. The hormone tells stem cells in the bone marrow to make more red blood cells. EPO is made by cells in the kidney. These cells release more EPO when blood oxygen level is low.

Detailed explanation-5: -This substance is then transported through the plasma to the bone marrow, where it accelerates the production of red cells. The erythropoietin mechanism operates like a thermostat, increasing or decreasing the rate of red cell production in accordance with need.