ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Pumps, also called transporters, are transmembrane proteins that actively move ions and/or solutes against a concentration or electrochemical gradient across biological membranes. Pumps generate a membrane potential by creating an electrochemical gradient across the membrane.

Detailed explanation-2: -Examples of Active Transport Phagocytosis of bacteria by Macrophages. Movement of Ca2+ ions out of cardiac muscle cells. Transportation of amino acids across the intestinal lining in the human gut. Secretion of proteins like enzymes, peptide hormones, and antibodies from different cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -Active transport is the process of moving molecules across a cellular membrane through the use of cellular energy.

Detailed explanation-4: -Substances transported by active transport are sugars, most amino acids, organic acids, and a number of inorganic ions, such as sulfate, phosphate, and potassium.