ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The codon for Methionine; the translation initiation codon. Usually, protein translation can only start at a Methionine codon (although this codon may be found elsewhere within the protein sequence as well). In eukaryotic DNA, the sequence is ATG; in RNA it is AUG.

Detailed explanation-2: -A triplet of nitrogenous bases in mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) encodes for one amino acid. A number of amino acids are joined together via peptide bonds to form polypeptides (proteins).

Detailed explanation-3: -Like DNA, RNA is made up of four bases. Three of these bases, adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G), are the same as DNA. But instead of thymine (T), the fourth base is uracil (U).

Detailed explanation-4: -mRNA is composed of bases triplets, represented by a three letter code for a specific amino acid, e.g. AGC = serine. This three letter code is called a codon that is read from the 5’ to the 3’ end.