ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -Proteins are synthesized on the rough ER. Those that are processed are inserted cotranslationally into the ER. Such insertion requires the presence of a signal peptide at the N terminus, which is recognized by a specific receptor (docking protein) on the ER membrane.

Detailed explanation-3: -Membrane-bound ribosomes, attached to the cytosolic side of the ER membrane, are engaged in the synthesis of proteins that are being concurrently translocated into the ER. Free ribosomes, unattached to any membrane, synthesize all other proteins encoded by the nuclear genome.

Detailed explanation-4: -The rough ER, studded with millions of membrane bound ribosomes, is involved with the production, folding, quality control and despatch of some proteins. Smooth ER is largely associated with lipid (fat) manufacture and metabolism and steroid production hormone production. It also has a detoxification function.

Detailed explanation-5: -The rough ER is named so because it’s dotted with tiny ribosomes, giving it a rough or nubbed appearance under the microscope, kind of like a climbing wall. Together, they make proteins and ship them to all other parts of the cell in a process called protein synthesis.