ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Another term for swallowing is deglutition. The pharyngeal-esophageal phase of swallowing is involuntary and is controlled by the swallowing center in the thalamus and lower pons. Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach through hormonal and neuronal signals.

Detailed explanation-2: -Swallowing is divided into three stages: Oral phase – voluntary, movement of the bolus from the oral cavity into the oropharynx. Pharyngeal phase – involuntary, movement of the bolus from the oropharynx into the esophagus. Esophageal phase – involuntary, movement of the bolus through the esophagus and into the stomach.

Detailed explanation-3: -The preparatory/oral phase is voluntary, whereas the pharyngeal and esophageal phases are mediated by an involuntary reflex called the swallowing reflex. The neuromuscular structure and control of the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases of swallowing are different.

Detailed explanation-4: -The process of swallowing, also known as deglutition, involves the movement of substances from the mouth (oral cavity) to the stomach via the pharynx and esophagus.

Detailed explanation-5: -During the pharyngeal phase, the vestibular folds and vocal cords close, and the epiglottis (ep-i-glot′is; on the glottis) is tipped posteriorly so that the epiglottic cartilage covers the opening into the larynx, and the larynx is elevated. These movements prevent food from passing into the larynx.