ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The following distribution of refraction at birth was recorded: 88.03% of the babies had physiological refraction, 5.03% had moderate hyperopia, 2.14% had severe hyperopia, 3.4%, had emmetropia, 0.45%, had myopia, 0.94% had astigmatism, and 0.01% had anisometropia.

Detailed explanation-2: -In 5-month to 3-year-olds, 0 to 1.75 D is normal and above that, abnormal; In 3-to 5-year-olds, 0 to 1.25 D is normal and above that abnormal. Dr. Chung explained that full astigmatic correction is prescribed in most cases.

Detailed explanation-3: -There is now general agreement that the range of refractive errors is wider at birth and in the first year of life than in later childhood, that most infants are hyperopic and that the average cycloplegic refractive error is approximately +2.00 D13, 14 with a standard deviation of approximately 2.00 D.

Detailed explanation-4: -Myopia is the most common refractive error requiring correction seen in children. This condition makes distant objects appear out of focus and may cause headaches and/or eye strain. Eyeglasses or contact lenses may help to correct or improve myopia by adjusting the focusing power to the retina.