ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The middle (and largest) part undergoes intramembranous ossification. The proximal region of the mandible is classified as secondary cartilage and is formed by endochondral ossification.

Detailed explanation-2: -The flat bones, such as the bones of the skull and mandible, develop via intramembranous ossification and axial and appendicular skeleton formed via endochondral ossification [111].

Detailed explanation-3: -The mandibular bone, apart from the condylar process, is intramembranous and its development can be divided into a pre-osteogenic phase, which covers mesenchymal condensation, and later post-condensation stages including the majority of osteogenic differentiation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Intramembranous ossification directly converts the mesenchymal tissue to bone and forms the flat bones of the skull, clavicle, and most of the cranial bones.

Detailed explanation-5: -The direct conversion of mesenchymal tissue into bone is called intramembranous ossification. This process occurs primarily in the bones of the skull. In other cases, the mesenchymal cells differentiate into cartilage, and this cartilage is later replaced by bone.