ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Industrialisation and domestic coal fires had caused sooty air pollution, which had killed off lichens and blackened urban tree trunks and walls. So, it was now the pale form of the moth that was more obvious to predators, while the melanic form was better camouflaged and more likely to survive and produce offspring.

Detailed explanation-2: -As the trees darkened with soot, the light-colored moths were easier to see. They were eaten by birds more and more, while the rare dark colored moths blended in better on the darker trees. This made the dark colored moths have a higher survival rate.

Detailed explanation-3: -Both moths were represented in the population but we think the dark ones were getting eaten at a higher rate. When the environment changed, due to pollution, the moth population shifted because light-colored moths became easier to see so they were eaten more often.

Detailed explanation-4: -The evolution of the peppered moth is an evolutionary instance of directional colour change in the moth population as a consequence of air pollution during the Industrial Revolution. The frequency of dark-coloured moths increased at that time, an example of industrial melanism.