ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The pineal gland, conarium, or epiphysis cerebri, is a small endocrine gland in the brain of most vertebrates. The pineal gland produces melatonin, a serotonin-derived hormone which modulates sleep patterns in both circadian and seasonal cycles. The shape of the gland resembles a pine cone, which gives it its name.

Detailed explanation-2: -The pineal gland is shaped like a tiny pinecone, which is how it got its name (“pine”-al gland). However, it is pronounced “pin-ee-uhl.” The pineal gland is the least understood gland of the endocrine system, and it was the last part of the endocrine system to be discovered.

Detailed explanation-3: -The pineal gland is best known for the secretion of the hormone melatonin, which is released into the blood and possibly also into the brain fluid, known as cerebrospinal fluid.

Detailed explanation-4: -The pineal gland is located in the dorsal diencephalon, and it contains both rod and cone photoreceptor cells [4–6].

Detailed explanation-5: -Functions Of Pineal Gland This gland secretes the hormone melatonin which regulates the circadian rhythm of the body and also certain reproductive hormones. The secretion of this hormone depends upon the amount of light a person is exposed to. This hormone is produced in large amounts when it is dark.