ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The adult pancreas contains approximately 1 million islets, with each islet containing approximately 3000 cells and ranging in diameter from 40 m to 1 mm. Pancreatic islets have complex architecture and are composed of four cell types: A (alpha), B (beta), D, and F cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Islets of Langerhans are three-dimensional clusters of approximately 1000 cells that constitute the endocrine portion of the pancreas, and each islet is around 50–500 m in diameter.

Detailed explanation-3: -The endocrine pancreas is organized into islets of Langerhans, consisting of five cell subtypes: , , , , and PP cells that secrete glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, ghrelin, and pancreatic polypeptide, respectively. Islet cells make up only 2% of the adult pancreatic mass.

Detailed explanation-4: -Islets of Langerhans are islands of endocrine cells scattered throughout the pancreas. A number of new studies have pointed to the potential for conversion of non- islet cells in to insulin-producing -cells to replenish -cell mass as a means to treat diabetes.

Detailed explanation-5: -The islets consist of four distinct cell types, of which three (alpha, beta, and delta cells) produce important hormones; the fourth component (C cells) has no known function.