ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates metabolic processes essential for normal growth and development as well as regulating metabolism in the adult (28, 40, 189).

Detailed explanation-2: -Insulin. Insulin, a hormone produced by -pancreatic cells, has anabolic effects upon glucose, lipid, protein, and energy metabolism [67].

Detailed explanation-3: -Thyroxine plays a crucial role in heart and digestive function, metabolism, brain development, bone health, and muscle control. It affects almost all of the body’s systems, which means proper thyroxine levels are vital for health.

Detailed explanation-4: -Thyroxine is the main hormone produced by the thyroid gland which controls the body’s basal metabolic rate (BMR). Every cell in the body depends on thyroid hormones for proper metabolism. Too much thyroxine causes a BMR, that is too high. This leads to Graves’ disease, a condition pertaining to an overactive thyroid.

Detailed explanation-5: -Exogenous thyroxine improves glucose intolerance in insulin-resistant rats. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are associated with glucose intolerance, calling into question the contribution of thyroid hormones (TH) on glucose regulation.