ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Patients with APS-2 have courses characterized by at least two of the following three endocrinopathies–type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis, and Addison’s disease.

Detailed explanation-2: -Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II, also known as Schmidt syndrome, is a rare autoimmune disorder in which there is a steep drop in production of several essential hormones by the glands that secrete these hormones.

Detailed explanation-3: -Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type 2 (PAS-2) is an autoimmune disease with polygenic inheritance. It is also called Schmidt syndrome and Carpenter syndrome. The clustering of multiple endocrine diseases in a single patient was documented well before the classification of PAS came into existence.

Detailed explanation-4: -Type 2 of MAS can be described as an association of Reynolds syndrome and the lupus erythematosus/lichen planus-overlap syndrome. Reynolds syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease, consisting of the combination of primary biliary cirrhosis and progressive systemic sclerosis.

Detailed explanation-5: -Autoimmune endocrine diseases are serious disorders that utilize immense health care resources and cause tremendous disability. They include type 1 diabetes mellitus, thyroiditis, Graves disease, Addison disease, and polyglandular syndromes.