ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Innate immune responses are those that rely on cells that require no additional training to do their jobs. These cells include neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and a set of proteins known as the complement proteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -C8 alpha-gamma induces the polymerization of 10-16 molecules of C9 into a pore-forming structure known as the membrane attack complex.

Detailed explanation-3: -Receptors for complement components have been previously described in various cell types including monocytes. The complement receptor 3 (CR3), comprising CD11b, and CD18, is expressed by all monocytes and critical for facilitating phagocytosis of complement-opsonized cells or pathogens (20).

Detailed explanation-4: -New understanding of MAC-mediated osmolysis or signaling has come from insights into MAC structure, assembly, and interactions with plasma membrane components. MAC is generated through sequential assembly from the soluble complement proteins C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9.