ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Pathogens have molecules called antigens on their surface. Antigens provide a unique signature for the pathogen that enables immune system cells to recognize different pathogens and distinguish pathogens from the body’s own cells and tissues.

Detailed explanation-2: -An antigen contains distinct sites on its surface, called an epitope or antigenic determinant. Antibodies generated against an antigen recognize and interact with specific epitopes via antigen-binding sites (paratopes) to trigger immune responses.

Detailed explanation-3: -A pathogen is a bacterium, virus, parasite or fungus that can cause disease within the body. Each pathogen is made up of several subparts, usually unique to that specific pathogen and the disease it causes. The subpart of a pathogen that causes the formation of antibodies is called an antigen.

Detailed explanation-4: -Antibodies are protective proteins produced by your immune system. They attach to antigens (foreign substances)-such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and toxins-and remove them from your body.

Detailed explanation-5: -What Is Surface Antigen Expression? Surface antigens, or cell markers, are a handy way for scientists to classify cells based on cell type and function, which is beneficial for early-stage research as well as disease diagnosis and treatment.