ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -HIV binds to the CD4 molecule on the surface of helper T-cells and replicates within them. This results in destruction of CD4+ T-cells and leads to a steady decline in this population of T-cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -HIV finds the white blood cells, called CD4 cells. HIV gets inside the CD4 cell and makes copies of itself. Then, HIV kills the CD4 cell and the new HIV copies find other CD4 cells to get inside and start the cycle again. HIV kills immune system cells that help the body fight infections and diseases.

Detailed explanation-3: -Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) HIV targets CD4+ T cells by binding to the CD4 molecule on the cell surface, as well as a chemokine coreceptor – usually CCR5 or CXCR4.

Detailed explanation-4: -These cells get their name from “cyto, ” which means cell, and “toxic, ” which means poisonous or harmful. Cytotoxic T-cells kill cells infected with viruses and bacteria, and they also destroy tumor cells. Helper T-cells: Helper T-cells are also called CD4+ cells because they have a CD4 receptor on their membranes.

Detailed explanation-5: -Along with CD4+ T cells, macrophages and microglial cells are targets of HIV infection in vivo and are associated with neurocognitive disorders and tissue pathology, especially during the late stages of AIDS, when T cells are depleted (6, –11).