ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Recent experiments show that CD4 cells can differentiate into two types of memory cell, with distinct activation characteristics. One type are called effector memory cells because they can rapidly mature into effector CD4 T cells and secrete large amounts of IFN-, IL-4, and IL-5 early after restimulation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Both studies clearly demonstrated that memory T cells are generated from effector T cells through epigenetic modifications, and the studies also revealed that Dnmt3a works as a key DNA methyltransferase affecting memory T cell formation.

Detailed explanation-3: -T cells are a part of the immune system that focuses on specific foreign particles. Rather than generically attack any antigens, T cells circulate until they encounter their specific antigen. As such, T cells play a critical part in immunity to foreign substances.

Detailed explanation-4: -Memory T cells are established at both lymphoid and peripheral sites following the clearance of an invading pathogen.

Detailed explanation-5: -Furthermore, the evidence of immunological memory has been established for NK cells. NK cells can respond to haptens or viruses, which results in generation of antigen-specific memory cells. T, B and NK cells, which have a role in immunological memory, have been characterized phenotypically and functionally.