ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -This type of stimulation–response activity generates some of the most dramatic aspects of inflammation, with large amounts of cytokine production, the activation of many cell types, and in fact the four cardinal signs of inflammation: heat, pain, redness, and swelling (1).

Detailed explanation-2: -Therefore antibodies are not a part of inflammatory response as they are involved in humoral immunity.

Detailed explanation-3: -Classic (cardinal) signs of inflammation include pain, redness on the skin, heat, swelling, and stiffness.

Detailed explanation-4: -At the tissue level, inflammation is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of tissue function, which result from local immune, vascular and inflammatory cell responses to infection or injury [5].