ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Besides C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and procalcitonin (PCT), some other markers of inflammation include serum amyloid A, cytokines, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, plasma viscosity, ceruloplasmin, hepcidin, and haptoglobin.

Detailed explanation-2: -Redness – the inflamed area is usually of a red or purple color that is different from the surrounding, unaffected area; Swelling – a very common sign as well.

Detailed explanation-3: -Based on visual observation, the ancients characterised inflammation by five cardinal signs, namely redness (rubor), swelling (tumour), heat (calor; only applicable to the body’ extremities), pain (dolor) and loss of function (functio laesa).

Detailed explanation-4: -So, the correct option is ‘Antibodies’.