ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -As a protective interface between internal organs and the environment, the skin encounters a host of toxins, pathogenic organisms, and physical stresses. To combat these attacks on the cutaneous microenvironment, the skin functions as more than a physical barrier: it is an active immune organ.

Detailed explanation-2: -In brief, when B and T-cells replicate during the primary immune response, they produce effector cells and long-lived memory cells. Memory B and T-cells are antigen-specific and, on encountering the antigen again, can mount a more rapid and effective immune response, known as the secondary immune response.

Detailed explanation-3: -The skin is an organ harboring several types of immune cells that participate in innate and adaptive immune responses.

Detailed explanation-4: -The adaptive immune response in B cells, Helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells involved four phases: encounter, activation, attack, and memory.