ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -It is now recognized that inflammation induced by microbial infection and tissue damage is an essential mechanism of innate immune response. Proper inflammatory responses provide broad spectrum protection against infections and orchestrate long-term adaptive immunity toward specific pathogens.

Detailed explanation-2: -Elements of the innate immune response can be found in all multicellular organisms (14). The innate immune system can be categorized into three defense mechanisms: (1) physical barriers, (2) cellular components, and (3) humoral responses (15).

Detailed explanation-3: -Inflammation is more generally associated with the innate immune response, however, increasing experimental and clinical evidence has highlighted its importance in antigen driven adaptive immune responses.

Detailed explanation-4: -Inflammation is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection or irritation. Inflammation is stimulated by chemical factors released by injured cells. It establishes a physical barrier against the spread of infection and promotes healing of any damaged tissue following pathogen clearance.