ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Strep throat. Whooping cough. Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Detailed explanation-2: -Broad-spectrum antibiotics (e.g., penicillins, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, sulfonamides) work against a wide range of bacterial infections. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics (e.g., macrolides, vancomycin, fidaxomicin) are only effective against a few types of pathogenic bacteria.

Detailed explanation-3: -Engineered microbes turn a bacterium’s immune response against itself using CRISPR. Phages (green) attack a bacterium (orange). Researchers are hoping to use engineered versions of these viruses to fight antibiotic resistance.

Detailed explanation-4: -They work by killing bacteria or preventing them from spreading. But they do not work for everything. Many mild bacterial infections get better on their own without using antibiotics. Antibiotics do not work for viral infections such as colds and flu, and most coughs.