ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -There are two differences that distinguish DNA from RNA: (a) RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom), and (b) RNA has the nucleobase uracil while DNA contains thymine.

Detailed explanation-2: -DNA is made up of four nitrogenous bases: adenine/A, guanine/G, cytosine/C, and thymine/T, whereas RNA is made up of uracil/U instead of thymine/T. The sugar present in the DNA is deoxyribose while RNA consists of the ribose sugar. Thus, the distinction between RNA and DNA is due to sugar and base.

Detailed explanation-3: -DNA is a double-stranded molecule that has a long chain of nucleotides. RNA is a single-stranded molecule which has a shorter chain of nucleotides. DNA replicates on its own, it is self-replicating. RNA does not replicate on its own.

Detailed explanation-4: -RNA is single-stranded. RNA has a backbone of phosphate and ribose sugar. The four nitrogen bases found in RNA are adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine are found attached to each sugar.

Detailed explanation-5: -The deoxyribonucleotide units of DNA contain 2 deoxy-D-ribose sugar, and the ribonucleotide units of RNA contain D-ribose sugar; the difference lying in absence of an oxygen atom at 2’ position, not in number of carbon atoms. This makes option C wrong. Thus, DNA and RNA differ in nitrogenous bases and sugar.