ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The visceral pleura is the layer that is superficial to the lungs, and extends into and lines the lung fissures (Figure 2). In contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer that connects to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm.

Detailed explanation-2: -Lobes of the left lung In contrast, the superior lobe includes the apex, and most of the costal and medial surfaces, and the entire anterior border. The superior lobe also includes the cardiac notch and the associated lingula found in that area.

Detailed explanation-3: -The apex of the lung is where the mediastinal and costal surfaces meet. It is the most superior portion of the lung, that extends into the root of the neck. The base is the lowest concave part of the lung that rests upon the diaphragm.

Detailed explanation-4: -The root of the right lung lies behind the superior vena cava and part of the right atrium, and below the azygos vein.