ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Detailed explanation-2: -In neurons, mitochondria regulate axonal and dendritic development, axonal regeneration, and synaptic function. Glial mitochondria provide metabolites to neurons, and energy metabolism is regulated by mitochondrial morphological dynamics.

Detailed explanation-3: -In the mitochondria, the metabolism of sugars is completed, and the energy released is harnessed so efficiently that about 30 molecules of ATP are produced for each molecule of glucose oxidized. By contrast, only 2 molecules of ATP are produced per glucose molecule by glycolysis alone.

Detailed explanation-4: -Mitochondria actively participate in the regulation of cell respiratory mechanisms, metabolic processes, and energy homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). Because of the requirement of high energy, neuronal functionality and viability are largely dependent on mitochondrial functionality.

Detailed explanation-5: -Mitochondria are the organelles in which cellular respiration takes place, a metabolic process.