ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -One of the main ways that microglia combat bacterial infection is by phagocytosing the bacteria (4). Phagocytosis is the cellular engulfment and digestion by cells of large extracellular particles, including bacteria.

Detailed explanation-2: -Microglia are the brain’s main phagocytes (cells capable of engulfing and digesting large extracellular particles), and protect the brain by phagocytosing bacteria, aggregated proteins and cellular debris (Galloway et al., 2019; Vilalta & Brown, 2018; Wolf et al., 2017).

Detailed explanation-3: -Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune system that phagocytose bacteria and secrete both pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators. In addition, macrophages play an important role in eliminating diseased and damaged cells through their programmed cell death.

Detailed explanation-4: -Microglia are resident cells of the brain that regulate brain development, maintenance of neuronal networks, and injury repair.