ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Pulmonary ventilation is commonly referred to as breathing. It is the process of air flowing into the lungs during inspiration (inhalation) and out of the lungs during expiration (exhalation). Air flows because of pressure differences between the atmosphere and the gases inside the lungs.

Detailed explanation-2: -The lungs and respiratory system allow us to breathe. They bring oxygen into our bodies (called inspiration, or inhalation) and send carbon dioxide out (called expiration, or exhalation). This exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is called respiration.

Detailed explanation-3: -Pulmonary ventilation is a measure of the rate of ventilation, referring to the total exchange of air between the lungs and the ambient air. In a normal adult, it is about 6.0 liters per minute.

Detailed explanation-4: -Breathing (or pulmonary ventilation) has two phases-inspiration (or inhalation) and expiration (or exhalation). It is a mechanical process that depends on volume changes in the chest cavity.

Detailed explanation-5: -Pulmonary ventilation comprises two major steps: inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is the process that causes air to enter the lungs, and expiration is the process that causes air to leave the lungs (Figure 3). A respiratory cycle is one sequence of inspiration and expiration.