ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -They include: Large surface area to allow faster diffusion of gases across the surface. Thin walls to ensure diffusion distances remain short. Good ventilation with air so that diffusion gradients can be maintained.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gas Exchange Between Alveolar Spaces and Capillaries Three processes are essential for the transfer of oxygen from the outside air to the blood flowing through the lungs: ventilation, diffusion, and perfusion. Ventilation is the process by which air moves in and out of the lungs.

Detailed explanation-3: -High Surface Area Additionally, gas exchange is efficient because of the large surface area available for gas exchange. Each of our lungs contains hundreds of millions of these tiny alveoli. Gas exchange occurs across each of the alveoli. This large number of alveoli greatly increases the surface area for gas exchange.

Detailed explanation-4: -Membrane thickness-the thinner the membrane, the faster the rate of diffusion. Membrane surface area-the larger the surface area, the faster the rate of diffusion. Pressure difference across the membrane. Diffusion coefficient of the gas.