ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be breathed out after breathing in as much air as possible. Taking part in regular aerobic exercise has been shown to increase a person’s vital capacity. Tidal volume is the amount of air breathed in with each normal breath.

Detailed explanation-2: -Adaptations of the alveoli: Moist walls-gases dissolve in the moisture helping them to pass across the gas exchange surface. Permeable walls-allow gases to pass through. Extensive blood supply-ensuring oxygen rich blood is taken away from the lungs and carbon dioxide rich blood is taken to the lungs.

Detailed explanation-3: -Long term effects: Increased number of alveoli (ss) therefore you can take in more air and extract oxygen more effectively (ds) Increased strength of intercostal muscles (ss) therefore respiratory system is stronger (ds) Increased strength of diaphragm (ss) therefore respiratory system is stronger (ds)

Detailed explanation-4: -Increased diffusion capacity. Increased minute ventilation. Increased ventilatory efficiency. Decreased pulmonary ventilation at any given workload due to increased diffusion capacity.