ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Tracheoles have thin and moist walls to increase the efficiency of gaseous exchange. The large number of tracheoles also provides a large surface area to facilitate gaseous exchange through diffusion directly into the cells. Some insects such as grasshoppers have air sacs in their trachea system.

Detailed explanation-2: -Membrane surface area-the larger the surface area, the faster the rate of diffusion. The lungs normally have a very large surface area for gas exchange due to the alveoli.

Detailed explanation-3: -Spiracles are the openings to the tracheal system on the surface of an insect’s body. The spiracles can open and close, allowing the insect to regulate the flow of air into the tracheal system. This enables the insect to control the rate of gas exchange and maintain the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in its body.

Detailed explanation-4: -At the end of each tracheal branch, a special cell (the tracheole) provides a thin, moist interface for the exchange of gasses between atmospheric air and a living cell.

Detailed explanation-5: -Tracheole walls are capable of transporting oxygen at high rates by diffusion because they are thin (usually <0.1 m) and have a very large surface area to volume ratio. Thus, the tracheoles are likely the major site of gas exchange between the tissues and the tracheal system.