ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Bronchodilators are a type of medication that make breathing easier. They do this by relaxing the muscles in the lungs and widening the airways (bronchi). They’re often used to treat long-term conditions where the airways may become narrow and inflamed.

Detailed explanation-2: -The 3 most widely used bronchodilators are: beta-2 agonists, such as salbutamol, salmeterol, formoterol and vilanterol. anticholinergics, such as ipratropium and tiotropium. theophylline.

Detailed explanation-3: -Bronchodilator response is usually tested to establish reversibility of airflow obstruction, to aid in diagnosis, and to help plan long-term bronchodilator therapy. Among the various tests to establish bronchodilator response, FEV1, FEF25-75% or FEF50%, and FVC are the most widely used.

Detailed explanation-4: -Anticholinergics cause bronchodilatation by decreasing parasympathetic-mediated cholinergic bronchomotor tone. Ipratropium bromide is the most commonly used anticholinergic for asthma and is a quaternary derivative of atropine.