ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The first step to stop a nosebleed is to apply direct pressure by pinching the tip of the nose using two fingers for 15 to 20 minutes. You can help prevent blood from reaching the throat by sitting up straight, slightly leaning forward and tilting your head a little forward.

Detailed explanation-2: -Initial management includes compression of the nostrils (application of direct pressure to the septal area) and plugging of the affected nostril with gauze or cotton that has been soaked in a topical decongestant. Direct pressure should be applied continuously for at least five minutes, and for up to 20 minutes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ice placed in the mouth however have been shown to produce a significant decrease in nasal mucosal flow up to 23% [3]. We suggest this is a more effective and evidence based method for stopping further bleeding and find it to be an effective adjunct with more posterior bleeds while definitive treatment is planned.

Detailed explanation-4: -Most epistaxis in children is minor and is easily managed with direct compression of the nasal alae for 5 to 10 minutes. For more significant or recurrent epistaxis, other techniques might include vasoconstrictor nose spray, cautery with silver nitrate, topical sealants or glue, nasal packing, or balloon catheters.