ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism in childhood is relatively common and causes delayed skeletal development, growth retardation and short stature with impaired bone maturation due to defective endochondral ossification.

Detailed explanation-2: -Thyroid hormones are required for skeletal development and establishment of peak bone mass. Hypothyroidism in children results in growth retardation with delayed skeletal development, whereas thyrotoxicosis accelerates bone maturation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Thyroid hormones play an important role in bone mineral homeostasis and bone density. Both hyperthyroidism and, to some extent, hypothyroidism are associated with reduced BMD leading to increased fracture risk.

Detailed explanation-4: -Hypothyroidism has a profound impact on the skeletal system and delayed bone age, dwarfism, and thickened bands at the metaphyseal ends being the most common findings.

Detailed explanation-5: -Thyroid hormones act at all levels to regulate the process of ossification thereby controlling the rate of bone maturation and linear growth.