ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Kidney stones (also called renal calculi, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys. Diet, excess body weight, some medical conditions, and certain supplements and medications are among the many causes of kidney stones.

Detailed explanation-2: -A stone can form from salt, the waste products of protein, and potassium. The most common type of kidney stone is a calcium oxalate stone. Most kidney stones are formed when oxalate, a by product of certain foods, binds to calcium as urine is being made by the kidneys.

Detailed explanation-3: -Deposition of CaOx crystals on the CaP plugs leads to the formation of CaOx kidney stones.

Detailed explanation-4: -Excess sodium is excreted by the kidneys, which also increases the calcium in your urine, increasing stone formation.

Detailed explanation-5: -Calcium stones: Most kidney stones are composed of calcium and oxalate. Struvite stones: Some patients form stones that are composed of a mixture of magnesium, ammonium, phosphate and calcium carbonate, which is known as struvite. More items