ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hence the correct order is ‘Glomerular filtration → Reabsorption → Secretion’.

Detailed explanation-2: -The renal artery first divides into segmental arteries, followed by further branching to form interlobar arteries that pass through the renal columns to reach the cortex. The interlobar arteries, in turn, branch into arcuate arteries, cortical radiate arteries, and then into afferent arterioles.

Detailed explanation-3: -There are two kidneys, each about the size of a fist, located on either side of the spine at the lowest level of the rib cage. Each kidney contains up to a million functioning units called nephrons. A nephron consists of a filtering unit of tiny blood vessels called a glomerulus attached to a tubule.

Detailed explanation-4: -Approximately 85% of the nephrons are termed cortical nephrons because the bulk of the nephron resides solely in the cortex, and their relatively short nephron loops just barely penetrate the medulla.