ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Eighty-five percent of nephrons are cortical nephrons, deep in the renal cortex; the remaining 15 percent are juxtamedullary nephrons, which lie in the renal cortex close to the renal medulla.

Detailed explanation-2: -The renal medulla contains the majority of the length of nephrons, the main functional component of the kidney that filters fluid from blood.

Detailed explanation-3: -The relative number of cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons and the lengths of their loops of Henle determine the ability of the kidney to concentrate the urine. In humans, about 85% of the nephrons are cortical nephrons and about 15% are juxtamedullary nephrons.

Detailed explanation-4: -Filtration of the blood plasma takes place in the renal corpuscle. This is the proximal end of the nephron, which is expanded into an ovoid structure. The renal corpuscles are always found in the renal cortex.

Detailed explanation-5: -The renal cortex is the outer part of the kidney. It contains the glomerulus and convoluted tubules. The renal cortex is surrounded on its outer edges by the renal capsule, a layer of fatty tissue. Together, the renal cortex and capsule house and protect the inner structures of the kidney.