ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The renal cortex is more superficial than the renal medulla. Urine is propelled along the ureters by peristaltic waves of muscular contractions.

Detailed explanation-2: -Yes, the most superficial region of the internal kidney is the renal medulla.

Detailed explanation-3: -The correct statement should read: The medulla is deep to the cortex (not the vortex) of the kidney. The kidney is made up of the outermost cortex and the inner medulla which is found inferior or deep to the kidneys’ cortex.

Detailed explanation-4: -The kidney is divided into two parts: the outer cortex and the inner medulla. In the cortex, the osmolarity is relatively low (think less salty), around 300 mOsm/L or so, but as you travel further down into the medulla, the osmolarity gets much higher (think more salty).

Detailed explanation-5: -The renal cortex is the outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. In the adult, it forms a continuous smooth outer zone with a number of projections (cortical columns) that extend down between the pyramids.