ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The amount of urine that remains in your bladder after you urinate (pee) is called post-void residual (PVR). A post-void residual urine test measures the amount of urine left in your bladder. Ideally, when you go to the bathroom, your bladder should empty completely.

Detailed explanation-2: -Adults[23]: Less than 50mL PVR is adequate bladder emptying. Over 200mL PVR indicates inadequate emptying.

Detailed explanation-3: -The volume of urine passed each time by a normal adult will vary from around 250-400mls. This is the same as about 2 cupful’s. Most people with normal bladder habits can hold on for 3-4 hours between visits to the toilet. Most younger adults can also go right through the night without the need to pass urine.

Detailed explanation-4: -Voiding symptoms, which are caused by lower urinary tract obstruction, include slow stream, splitting or spraying, intermittency, hesitancy, straining, and terminal dribble.