ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Kidney stones (also called renal calculi, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys.

Detailed explanation-2: -The medical term for kidney stones is nephrolithiasis, and if they cause severe pain it’s known as renal colic.

Detailed explanation-3: -A calculus (plural calculi), often called a stone, is a concretion of material, usually mineral salts, that forms in an organ or duct of the body. Formation of calculi is known as lithiasis (/ˌlɪˈaɪəsɪs/). Stones can cause a number of medical conditions.

Detailed explanation-4: -Etiology. Most patients with nephrolithiasis form calcium stones (80%), most of which are composed primarily of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate. The other main types include uric acid, struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), and cystine stones.

Detailed explanation-5: -Stones are typically classified by their location: nephrolithiasis (in the kidney), ureterolithiasis (in the ureter), cystolithiasis (in the bladder), or by what they are made of (calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, cystine).