ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -A VCUG, or a voiding cystourethrogram, is a minimally invasive test that uses a special x-ray technology called fluoroscopy to visualize your child’s urinary tract and bladder. A VCUG can help: diagnose vesicoureteral reflux, a condition in which urine flows the wrong way, from the bladder back up to the kidneys.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cystometry is a test that measures pressure in your bladder and in the surrounding region as your bladder fills. Your provider may recommend this test to check for stress incontinence if you have had a neurologic disease of the spinal cord. A catheter is used to fill your bladder slowly with warm fluid.

Detailed explanation-3: -A cystoscopy involves using a thin tube with a camera attached to it (endoscope) to look inside your bladder and urinary tract. A cystoscopy can identify abnormalities that may be causing incontinence.

Detailed explanation-4: -Uroflowmetry. Uroflowmetry measures how much urine is in your bladder and how fast the urine comes out, also known as flow rate. The results of this test can show if your bladder muscles are weak or if urine flow is blocked.