ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -A stone can form from salt, the waste products of protein, and potassium. The most common type of kidney stone is a calcium oxalate stone. Most kidney stones are formed when oxalate, a by product of certain foods, binds to calcium as urine is being made by the kidneys.

Detailed explanation-2: -Kidney stones form when your urine contains more crystal-forming substances-such as calcium, oxalate and uric acid-than the fluid in your urine can dilute. At the same time, your urine may lack substances that prevent crystals from sticking together, creating an ideal environment for kidney stones to form.

Detailed explanation-3: -Kidney stones result when urine becomes too concentrated and substances in the urine crystalize to form stones. Symptoms arise when the stones begin to move down the ureter causing intense pain. Kidney stones may form in the pelvis or calyces of the kidney or in the ureter.

Detailed explanation-4: -Globally, approximately 80% of kidney stones are composed of calcium oxalate (CaOx) mixed with calcium phosphate (CaP). Stones composed of uric acid, struvite and cystine are also common and account for approximately 9%, 10% and 1% of stones, respectively3.

Detailed explanation-5: -Calcium Oxalate Stones. The most common type of kidney stone is a calcium oxalate stone. Calcium Phosphate Stones. Calcium phosphate kidney stones are caused by abnormalities in the way the urinary system functions. Struvite Stones. Uric Acid Stones. Cystine Stones.