ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The nephrons work through a two-step process: the glomerulus filters your blood, and the tubule returns needed substances to your blood and removes wastes. Each nephron has a glomerulus to filter your blood and a tubule that returns needed substances to your blood and pulls out additional wastes.

Detailed explanation-2: -There are four main groups of substances that are filtered out by the kidneys: water (excess), salts (ions of potassium, ammonium, hydrogen, others), creatinine (byproduct of muscle metabolism), and urea (waste products from protein metabolism).

Detailed explanation-3: -Filtration of the blood plasma takes place in the renal corpuscle. This is the proximal end of the nephron, which is expanded into an ovoid structure.

Detailed explanation-4: -There are two types of nephrons-cortical nephrons (85 percent), which are deep in the renal cortex, and juxtamedullary nephrons (15 percent), which lie in the renal cortex close to the renal medulla.

Detailed explanation-5: -The process by which substances are removed from the filtrate (either actively or passively) and returned to the plasma is called absorption.