ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The process of filtration of the blood in the Bowman’s capsule is ultrafiltration or glomerular filtration. Any proteins that are roughly 30 kilodaltons or under can pass freely through the membrane, but cells like platelets and large proteins do not. So, the correct answer is polypeptides.

Detailed explanation-2: -Non-filterable blood components include blood cells, albumins, and platelets, that will leave the glomerulus through the efferent arteriole.

Detailed explanation-3: -Plasma proteins have a higher molecular weight and is thus inhibited by the basement membrane of the glomerular capillaries from being filtered out. Hence, plasma protein is the least likely to be found in the glomerular filtrate.

Detailed explanation-4: -The kidney glomerulus is a very specialized structure that functions in filtering blood and retaining essential plasma proteins.

Detailed explanation-5: -Answer and Explanation: No, proteins are not filtered out by the glomerulus because they are too large to fit through the thin slits in the walls of the capillaries of the glomerulus. The glomerulus is only able to filter out fluids and small particles such as glucose and salts.