ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The process of filtration of the blood in the Bowman’s capsule is ultrafiltration or glomerular filtration. Any proteins that are roughly 30 kilodaltons or under can pass freely through the membrane, but cells like platelets and large proteins do not. So, the correct answer is polypeptides.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glomerular filtrate contains water, urea, glucose, salts, amino acids, etc. Blood cells and large protein molecules are not filtered by the glomerulus. These molecules don’t pass through the blood capillaries since they are large in size. Therefore, they don’t enter the filtrate.

Detailed explanation-3: -Non-filterable blood components include blood cells, albumins, and platelets, that will leave the glomerulus through the efferent arteriole.

Detailed explanation-4: -The kidney glomerulus is a very specialized structure that functions in filtering blood and retaining essential plasma proteins.

Detailed explanation-5: -Answer and Explanation: No, proteins are not filtered out by the glomerulus because they are too large to fit through the thin slits in the walls of the capillaries of the glomerulus. The glomerulus is only able to filter out fluids and small particles such as glucose and salts.