APPLIED RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The conjugated (direct) bilirubin level is often elevated by alcohol, infectious hepatitis, drug reactions, and autoimmune disorders. Posthepatic disorders also can cause conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.

Detailed explanation-2: -Urinary tract infections (UTI) are attributed as the main reason for prolonged jaundice, and it is well known that UTI can occur without apparent signs, and jaundice is an important and sometimes the presenting feature of UTI[7].

Detailed explanation-3: -Anemia leads to increased excretion of bilirubin in the blood and subsequent decrease in the number of RBC’s. Abnormal secretion of pancreatic and gastric juices has nothing to do with bilirubin levels thus are not the symptoms found in jaundice patients.

Detailed explanation-4: -Jaundice can occur in adults when bilirubin is higher than 2.3 mg/dL [37]. The UGT1A1 enzyme, which converts indirect bilirubin into direct bilirubin, is well-developed in the adult liver, but not in the livers of newborns. This is why jaundice with high indirect bilirubin is common in babies [2].