APPLIED RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small DNA virus with unusual features similar to retroviruses. It is a prototype virus of the Hepadnaviridae family. Related viruses are found in woodchucks, ground squirrels, tree squirrels, Peking ducks, and herons.

Detailed explanation-2: -Hepadnaviruses (hepatitis B viruses) cause transient and chronic infections of the liver. Transient infections run a course of several months, and chronic infections are often lifelong. Chronic infections can lead to liver failure with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Detailed explanation-3: -It can be caused by hepatitis viruses (not necessarily in the Hepadnavirus family), other viruses, amebas, and non-infectious agents such as alcohol and acetaminophen. The hepadnaviurses include three viruses of mammals and two viruses of birds.

Detailed explanation-4: -Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is present in the faeces of infected persons and is most often transmitted through consumption of contaminated water or food. Certain sex practices can also spread HAV. Infections are in many cases mild, with most people making a full recovery and remaining immune from further HAV infections.

Detailed explanation-5: -Hepadnaviridae is a family of viruses. Humans, apes, and birds serve as natural hosts. There are currently 18 species in this family, divided among 5 genera.