APPLIED RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Venous return is facilitated by a number of factors, including inspiration, increased total blood volume, increased venomotor tone, the cardiac suction effect, the presence of venous valves and the skeletal muscle pump.

Detailed explanation-2: -Respiratory pump When muscles contract and relax during the inspiration and expiration process, pressure changes occur in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. These pressure changes compress the nearby veins and assist blood return to the heart.

Detailed explanation-3: -During dynamic exercise, the rhythmic contraction of the peripheral skeletal muscles results in the compression of the intramuscular veins, and imparts a considerable amount of kinetic energy to the venous blood and facilitates its return to the heart.

Detailed explanation-4: -The skeletal muscle pump or musculovenous pump is a collection of skeletal muscles that aid the heart in the circulation of blood. It is especially important in increasing venous return to the heart, but may also play a role in arterial blood flow.